Let me break it down for you.

1> The catalog module has nothing to do with this issue. It's merely a bug uc_roles module.

2> The permission "view all role expirations" needs to be checked to for whatever role you wish to view the expirations. In addition, "Show expirations on user page" needs to be checked in the product feature settings page (admin/store/settings/products/edit/features) under Role assignment settings > Expiration display to display the expiration information (it should be on by default now).

2.1> The reason for this is as follows. The "view all role expirations" permission is there to only give certain users permission to see when other user's roles expire. Otherwise, anyone (including anonymous users) could see this information. The permission exists for those who wish to restrict this information from prying eyes. In addition, some people might not want to display role expirations at all this is why the "Show expirations on user page" option exists.

3>The link to strtr(), I believe, is generated by PHP rather then Drupal. So I think the link it generates on errors will attempt to retrieve a page that doesn't exist in Drupal.